Mandatory Health Reform

All of these approaches retain a role for private health insurance, but differ in their degree of government regulation and involvement in the health insurance system.  While all are designed to achieve universal health coverage, they are listed in approximate order of the degree of government involvement in perfecting health insurance or health services markets.

1. Responsible National Health Insurance proposed by Mark Pauly, Patricia Danzon, Paul Feldstein and John Hoff. [Health Affairs Paper (1991)][Book]. [CBO analysis (1994)]
2. The Heritage Proposal by Stuart Butler and Edward Haislmaier. [CBO analysis (1994)]
3. Major Risk Insurance proposed by Martin Feldstein and Jonathan Gruber.
4. Health Care Vouchers proposed by Ezekiel Emanuel and Victor Fuchs.
5. Progressive Cost-Sharing proposal by Jason Furman.
6. Baucus (Senate Finance Committee) Plan
7. Wyden-Bennett Healthy Americans Act
8. Rockefeller Consumer Health Choices Act
   
9. Kennedy (Senate HELP Committee) Plan
10. Rangel (House Ways and Means Committee) Plan